Black History Disputed Elections in American History Essay

Black History Disputed Elections in American History - Essay Example Nonetheless, some stand out as the ultimate mark of controversy and even legal dispute. With emphasis on electoral discrimination against the African Americans, this paper focuses on the disputed and controversial 1960 and 2004 elections. Despite the serious accusations concerning the 1960 elections, unanimity on the event among historians and experts does not exist. Indeed, most experts and historians tend to support both sides of the claim, but a closer analysis of the data and facts tend to disagree with the viewpoint. Despite the failure of the Republican Party to prove fraud in the elections does not necessarily mean that the election was clean. Despite all the efforts, the issue remains unsolved. Interestingly, the legend leaves out that multiple election boards did not consider overturning the election results, nor federal judges and a special prosecutor from Illinois. Furthermore, numerous academic inquiries concerning the Illinois case conclude that the evident fraud was not substantial enough to challenge the election results (Campbell 87). However, some level of fraud occurred in Cook County. Three people were incarcerated on election-related offences and more than 670 indicted and then acquitted by Judge Karns. Most of the allegations presented involved practices undetectable by a mere recount. According to an article on the issue, nobody clearly knew the winner of the election, and despite the claim by Kennedy that he had won the election, his father cautioned on the vote count in Cook County. Apparently, the close win by Kennedy over Nixon has been a long, contentious debate, with accusations of the former receiving assistance from his father’s mob connections, the powerful Chicago Mayor Daley, and Lyndon Johnson’s connections. In essence, there is no clear evidence that Nixon won both Illinois and Texas, which he had to in order to win the Electoral College Vote, but there was massive voter fraud on behalf of Kennedy in

Organizational Culture Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational Culture Analysis - Essay Example The essay "Organizational Culture Analysis" presents the analysis of the organizational culture as the defined whole set of values, personalities, norms, assumptions, behaviors, beliefs, ideas and tangible and intangible signs of the organization in its internal and external environments of business conduct. Such tangible and intangible artifacts include organizational goals such as mission and vision. Culture is a tool for the manager to inculcate a set of values, beliefs, and ideas in the employee whose vision is then transformed into that of the organization’s vision. According to Edgar Schein organizational culture is â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems". Schein has provided one of the most thought-provoking definitions to organizational culture and goes on to claim that of all the attributes of the organization, culture is perhaps the most difficult to transform. He identifies three attributes in the organization culture. Next Geert Hofstede identified five dimensions as the basis for organizational culture. Hofstede actually preceded Schein the latter theory’s importance is much greater. It has been given the preference in this paper. A number of other scholars produced their theories on organizational culture too.